The unfortunate truth that individual investors in the stock market must face is that they are almost inconsequential when it comes to driving up or pushing down a stock's price.
Large institutional investors that trade thousands, tens of thousands or more blocks of a stock have more influence than individual investors.
Long-term investors should not pay much attention to daily price swings, however at some point you will want to buy or sell a stock.
Before you buy or sell a particular stock, you may want to find out whether existing large shareholders are buying more or selling off their shares. This can help you evaluate the stock in the context of how their actions may influence the stock's price.
This information may sound like it would be hard to get and, possibly illegal if you could find it. Fortunately, neither is the case.
The reality for most well known stocks is institutions (mutual funds, large accounts such as retirement funds and endowments, and so on) hold the majority of outstanding shares. You may want to consider this information when evaluating a particular stock.
Teams of Analysts
These large companies and institutions employ teams of analysts to invest billions of dollars. It makes sense that they are going to spot good places to put their money, right?
The answer is a definite yes and no.
Of course, they are looking for a good return on their investments just like the rest of us. They look for good companies with good growth prospects, most of the time.
If the institutional investors are buying a stock, that is an endorsement of sorts that the stock has good prospects. If they are selling, it could mean something is wrong.
Where to Find Data
Before we talk about the value of this information, let me show you where to find it. The quickest way to do that is to use one of many online services that capture that data for you.
I like MorningStar.com. Enter the stock symbol of the company you are researching, and then look at the menu across the top. Click on "Shareholders" and you will see a page of information including institutional holders along with mutual funds and others.
What you see is a wealth of information about the institutional investors including:
- The percentage of institutional ownership
- Number of shares held
- Number of shares bought and sold
- Number of buyers and sellers
- And much more
The question is: what value is this information?
Wrong Assumption
It is wrong to assume that institutional investors and individual investors share common goals. Institutions often have performance goals to meet that push them to trade much more frequently than is normally prudent for individual investors.
For example, it is not uncommon for a growth mutual fund to turnover its portfolio 100% in one year. That means the managers have bought and sold every holding in the fund in one year.
This type of activity may drive them to buy or sell a stock with little regard to the underlying company's fundamentals. You could see a big mutual fund dumping their shares of a stock and incorrectly assume there was something wrong with company's future prospects.
This brings up another real danger of institutional ownership of a stock. When institutions become interested in a stock, they can drive up the price quickly with their huge block orders.
Just as quickly, the stock can collapse if the institutions decide the stock is flawed or there is a better opportunity with another stock. If they begin pulling their money out in big chucks, it will drive down the price. More institutions bail out and the stock goes into a free fall.
Conclusion
What are investors to make of institutional ownership of a stock they want to buy? First, most stocks will have some institutional ownership unless they are very small.
Secondly, watch for big changes one way or the other in ownership - are the institutions buying or selling. A change by a large number of institutions could mean something significant has changed at the company.
Finally, don't ignore the company's fundamentals. They still tell the best story about a company's long-term chances for success in building value.
